Relationship between Stochastic Flows and Connection Forms

Foreign Trade and International Financial Flows: Implications for Economic Stability in the Selected ECOWAS Countries

T his study investigates the effects of extra-ECOWAS merchandise trade and investment flows on the transmission of business cycles in the selected ECOWAS between 1985 and 2014.  The study finds that total trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly influence the transmission of business cycles with elasticities of 1.1 and 0.7, respectively in the long run. There are little vari...

Data envelopment analysis for imprecise data in Buyer-Seller Relationship

In the environment of business‐to‐business e‐commerce, Buyers and sellers in mature industrial markets can turn single transactions into long-term beneficial relationships by a deeper understanding of the complex connection between the two and buyers and sellers are uncertain about their roles. A “must-do” for the sellers, in particular, is to understand patterns of investment and reward,...

Relationship Between Financial Crisis And Oil Shock And Its Effect On East- West Asia Trade Flows

Effects of integrating physical and financial flows through a closed-loop supply chain network under uncertain demand and return

The impact of financial challenges on the profit of a supply chain, have caused the researcher to model the supply chain network by considering the operational and financial dimensions. Also, the establishment of a closed loop supply chain (CLSC) network has a high effect on economic profit. So, the purpose of this study is to design a stochastic closed loop supply chain network by considering ...

Capacity Drop Estimation Based on Stochastic Approach Applied to Tehran-Karaj Freeway

Existence of capacity drop phenomenon, as the difference between pre-queue and queue discharge flow rates, has been one of the controversial concepts of traffic engineering. Several researches have focused on capacity drop existence and also its estimation issues. This paper aims to estimate capacity drop based not only on a comparison between breakdown and queue discharge flow rates, but also ...

State Price Deflators and Stochastic Discounting

In this chapter, we describe stochastic discounting and valuation of random cash flows in a discrete time setting. We therefore introduce a consistent multiperiod pricing framework. This consistent multiperiod pricing framework is either based on state price deflators or on equivalent martingale measures. The connection between these two pricing concepts is then described by the market price of...